A couple updates.
I tried a SATA card I had laying around, and could not get it to boot from it.
There are 3 SATA modes. AHCI, SATA, and RAID.
I had been running on AHCI since that is what I thought we were supposed to run under. RAID mode got to the boot but blue screened shortly after. SATA mode booted and I’m typing this on it right now. I guess I won’t know if it really worked for a few more days / weeks.
I’ve never seen both AHCI mode and SATA mode since I thought they would be the same. Maybe SATA mode really means legacy IDE mode?